Upsc Aspirants

The Mughal Dynasty From the latter half of the 16th century they exp anded their kingdom from Agra and Delhi until in the 17th century they controlled nearly all of the subcontinent. They imposed structures of administration and ideas of governance that outlasted their rule, leaving a political legacy that succeeding rulers of the subcontinent could not ignore. Babur The first Mughal emperor (1526- 1530) Political situation in northwest India was suitable for Babur to enter India . Sikandar Lodi died in 1517 and Ibrahim Lodi succeded him. I.Lodhi tried to create strong centralized empire which alarmed Afghan chiefs as well as Rajputs. So in 1526 he defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi and his Afghan supporters, at (First) Panipat (War) and captured Delhi and Agra. The establishment of an empire in the Indo-Gangetic valley by Babur was a threat to Rana Sanga. So in 1527 – defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers and allies at Khanwa [a place west of Agra].

Government Schemes  and Initiatives Related to Public Health  1. Mission Indradhanush 2. Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Eliminated (MNTE) 3. Decision to Introduce New Vaccines 4. Child Health 5. Maternal Health 6.  Adolescent Health 7. The National Health Mission (NHM) 8.  National Programme for Control of Blindness 9.  National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) 10.  National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis 11.  Oral Health Programme 1. Mission Indradhanush:  The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has launched “Mission Indradhanush”, depicting seven colors of the rainbow, to fully immunize more than 89 lakh children who are either unvaccinated or partially vaccinated; those that have not been covered during the rounds of routine immunization for various reasons. They will be fully immunized against seven life-threatening but vaccine preventable diseases which include: Diphtheria Whooping cough Tetanus, polio Tuberculosi

Different types of Soil, their Conservation Methods Soil conservation measures should aim at preventing or at least minimizing the soils loss. In order to do this proper land utilization coupled with agricul­tural practices should be adopted. Broadly categorizing there are two methods of soil conservation. These are biological and mechanical. The biological measures are again divided into Agronomic, Agrostological and Dry farming we shall study these measures in some detail. Methods 1. Agronomic practices: Normally, the land will possess a vegetational cover so as to prevent erosion. The measures to be followed must be patterned along the nature's own methods of conservation. The following are some of the methods. 2. Contour farming: Crops are cultivated along the contour of the land. The plow marks will be on level and can hold the rain. Even in heavy rain, the runoff is checked by the plants growing along the contour. Tillage: contour tilling will preve

Geography, National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries  National Parks Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1   Campbell Bay National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — forms part of the  Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve 2   Galathea National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — part of the  Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve' with rare species of plants and animals 3   Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — a national park of India in Wandoor on the Andaman Islands 4   Middle Button Island National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — spotted deer can be found here 5   Mount Harriet National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — named after Harriet Tytler who did early work documenting the monuments of Delhi 6   North Button Island National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — home of the dugong, dolhin, water monitor and other animals 7   Rani Jhansi Marine National Park , Andaman and Nicobar — a national park known for its coral reefs and marine life 8   Saddle Peak Nationa

Freedom struggle & Important Movements       Year                             Freedom struggle & important Events 1857 Mutiny against the British 1885 Indian National Congress is founded by A.O. Hume 1905 Partition of Bengal announced 1906 Muslim League was founded at Decca on 31st December. 1908 Khudiram Bose was executed on 30th April. 1908 Tilak was sentenced to six years on charges of sedition on 22nd July. 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms of Indian Councils Act - 21st May. 1911 Delhi durbar held. Partition of Bengal is canceled. 1912 New Delhi established as the new capital of India 1912 A Bomb was thrown on Lord Hardinge on his state entry into Delhi on 23rd December. 1914 The Ghadar Party was formed at San Francisco on 1st November 1914 Tilak was released from jail on 16th June. 1914 Outbreak of the 1st World War 4th August 1914 Komagatamaru ship reaches Budge Budge (Calcutta port) on 29the

Land Reforms and Revenue System  Land is precious for any country and used by people for productivity and as a source of food, for place to live, for wood, for place to work. In India, before colonial rule the land used to be in the hands of the community as a whole. However during the British Raj, this was changed. Lord Cornwallis had introduced Permanent Land Settlement for Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in 1793. According to this the tax farmers appointed by the British rulers was converted as various Land Lords. Under this rule they had to pay fixed commission to East India Company. Thus these intermediaries were formed and called as Jagirdar / Jamindar. Emergence of Tenants:  Following the Land Settlement Act, 1793, the farmers purchase lands from the Land Lords and hire it for their agricultural use. These people who hired the land were called tenants. Variations in Tenency:  Cash Tenents: They pay a fixed tax for the use and occupy of the land. Share - cash Tenants